What is an Industrial Laser and how does it Work?

We have often heard that big things have small beginnings; same is with our great Laser technology.

Who has thought that a simple prediction about the phenomenon of Stimulated emission made by scientist Albert Einstein in 1917 will become the fundamental operation for all the types of laser technologies, from gigantic Industrial lasers to small laser applications, the laser technology is used everywhere.

The word LASER stands for Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation,A Laser is produced when the electron and atoms of special crystals are energized using electric current, generally garnet crystals are most commonly used in solid state lasers of Yttrium, Aluminium garnet and doped with Niyodiyam, which is also called as NDYAG are most popularly used, this excited electrons emits photons, Photons are the particle of light and this emitted photons form a concentrated beam of light forming a laser, a laser beam machine is heavily used for industrial works, the laser beam machines used for Industrial work are also called as Industrial lasers.

HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL LASERS

The initial and fundamental operation of lasers was put forth in 1917 but this was later evolved into various theories by contribution of various scholars like Valentin Fabrikant, Charles Townes, Nikolay Basov, Alexander Prokhorov, Gordon Gould.

In1960, Theodore Maiman become the first person of the world who created any type of framework for a laser, in this framework a synthetic ruby is used as the acting medium by which there is emittance of red beam of light, which was having a wavelength of 694.3 nm, this type of laser was very helpful and effective in cutting and drilling of Diamonds but it was not suitable for other usual industrial works, there was a need of efficient Industrial lasers.

Kumar Patel, anelectrical engineer developed a Carbon Dioxide (CO2) laser atAT&T labsin year 1963.Thislaser was of low cost and was having high efficiency compare to ruby laser of Theodore Maiman.

These CO2 lasers became very popular and were started to be used in every field of industrial work, after some years there was some more development in the laser technology which gave birth to many other types of Industrial lasers and these Industrial lasers started to provide a very quick and efficient environment for manufacturing and production.

HOW DOES THE INDUSTRIAL LASERWORKS?

There is a laser beam used to perform all the industrial tasks, in this engineering process, as the laser beam touches the surface of the brittle material piece, the heat energy from the laser beam is settled down onto the brittle piece, this heat helps in executing several activities on the material piece.

A Power supply of 1 to 10 kw is required, for creating a power source which has a high voltage, this power supply is used to create light in flash light tubes, flash light tube is used to charge the electrons of the atom in the crystal, which is also called as pumping medium, a capacitor is used for operating the laser beam machine in pulses, the pumping medium is a ruby crystal, which have a large number of atom, which went absorbs the energy.

There electrons produce photons, when the switch is turn on a high voltage power supply is apply to cross the flash tube surrounding the pumping medium in our ruby crystal, as the light is powerful on, it emits high energy photons, this photons are absorbed by the ruby Crystal, this absorbed energy causes most of the electrons contained the atom of the ruby crystal, to be excited at the high energy level from its ground state, after a short duration is the electrons from high energy levels come to ground state, they emit photons, this emitted photons stimulates the excited electrons, to return to their ground state, thus a pair of photons are obtained by utilizing one Photon.

We call this process as amplification of light using stimulated radiation, as the photon concentration increases, the laser is formed, a 100%reflected mirror is used to reflect all the photon back to the crystal, whereas a semi reflective mirror reflects some of the photons back and escaping photons to a semi reflective mirror.

It forms a high energy laser beam, then a lens is used to focus the laser beam onto the thebrittle material to be machine interaction of laser and work piece produce a large amount of heat which helps in cutting and performing various activities on a workpiece for industrial works.

APPLICATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL LASERS

There are various types of Industrial lasers like CO2 and fiber lasers, which are used for performing various different tasks for industrial purposes and others.

There are various applications of Industrial lasers such as,

1. Laser Cutting
2. Laser Welding
3. Laser Marking
4. Laser drilling
5. Laser engraving
6. Surface Texturing
7. Wire Striping
8. Medical equipments
9. Defence equipments
10. Biological equipments

CONCLUSION

Industrial lasers are a boon for big commercial houses and factories, who are able to execute very time-consuming works in quick seconds, the engineering and construction of laser technology is very complicated but has developed an multi functional machine which can perform various tasks in same time, Industrial lasers helps in fast manufacturing of products which leads to development of a country, this laser technology is going to be developed more precisely in future and will make things more easier for human life.

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